Testing and Deployment Citation previewĭjango 2 Web Development Cookbook Third Editionġ00 practical recipes on building scalable Python web apps with Django 2ĭjango 2 Web Development Cookbook Third Edition Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. We can use to send a notice for example if some values are not validated.12. Style.scss:5 DEBUG: The width is: 0.625px When compiling the Sass source code into CSS, the directive will print out the content on to the console or Terminal. How about creating a transition rule for hover hover-effect " Mixins are reusable rulesets – perfect for vendor-specific rules or for shorthanding long CSS rules. Mixins are another favorite feature of preprocessor users. This is a bit more advanced but you can read all about this behavior in Understanding Placeholder Selectors – placeholder selectors are special kind of extend which we’ll talk about soon. One caveat of extends is that they won’t work in media queries as you would expect. Messages (alert / success / error), buttons (colors, sizes), menu types and so on could all use the extending functionality for great CSS efficiency. This is immensely useful in many situations where variations of an element can be used. button class which means that they take on all its properties and then define their own. It is best understood through an example, let’s create 3 buttons which are slight variations of each other. The following is far less readable and quite specific.Įxtending will be familiar if you’ve working with object oriented languages. In Sass, it is much easier to be very specific since all you need to do is nest your rules. You could also use #header nav ul li a which would probably be too much. In the example above I’ve refered to links with #header nav a. One drawback of nesting is that it can lead to unnecessary specificity. By using nesting together with proper indentation you can achieve highly legible code structures, even if you have a fair amount of code. Nesting is extremely useful because it makes stylesheets (a lot) more readable. Here’s how the above code could look in Sass: If elements have common roots, we can use nesting to write our rules in a much cleaner way. In the selectors, we are repeating ourselves a lot. You have a nav element which contains an unordered list, list items and links. Let’s assume that you’re building a navigation menu. NestingĪnother basic feature Sass gives you is the ability to nest rules. All you need to do is modify some variables. What this allows you to do is recolor your whole project and change fonts and other key aspects without ever touching actual CSS rules. For larger projects it may we worth extracting all your variables into a separate file (we’ll take a look at how this is done soon). Variables are used for storing font names, sizes, colors and a host of other information. With Sass you can just modify the value of the $primary_color variable and be done with it.
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If your color scheme changes you would need to replace each color value in CSS. This may not seem that useful here, but imagine having 3,000 lines of code.
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Variables are for storing bits and pieces of reusable information, like a color value for example: If you come from a PHP or other similar coding language background this will be second nature to you. One of the first things you’ll need to wrap your head around is variables. If you just want to try out Sass without paying for anything you can use the terminal, or Scout App, a free cross-platform feature-rich app, which can hold its ground against premium counterparts. Both are paid applications but are well worth it if you’ll be using them in the long run. Prepros is another very capable application which can be used on all systems. If you prefer GUI tools, you can go with my personal favourite app, Codekit, a web developer tool for compiling Sass, concatenating, autoprefixing and much more. Thoriq showed you how you can use Sass from the command line using the sass -watch command. Bootstrap comes with Responsive Grids, and a few common web components that we can pick up to build.